1. Consider the
following statements about Swachh Survekshan 2022:
1. It is a competitive framework which was initiated by
the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs under
the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0.
2. Madhya Pradesh is the cleanest State in the country.
3. Capacity building and e-Learning have been added as
new indicator out of seven parameters from this year 2022.
Which of
the above statements is/are correct?
a)
1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
- Indore
is the cleanest city in India, while Madhya Pradesh is the cleanest State
in the country.
- Surat
(Gujarat) is the 2nd cleanest city.
- Chhattisgarh
is the 2nd cleanest State.
- Tirupati
received the best city award in the Safai Mitra Suraksha category.
- Haridwar
(Uttarakhand) received the best Ganga town award in more than one lakh
population cities categories.
Details
- The
field assessment for Swachh Survekshan was launched on 1st March 2022 by
the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
- Swachh
Survekshan 2022 is targeted toward capturing the initiatives of cities for
the overall welfare and well-being of Sanitation workers.
- This
year another new indicator ‘Swachh Technology Challenge’ has been added.
- To
expand the Survekshan footprint, district rankings have been
introduced.
- The
scope of the survey has been expanded to now cover 100% of wards, as
compared to 40% in previous years.
Swachh Survekshan
- Swachh
Survekshan was initiated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban
Affairs in 2016 as a competitive framework to encourage cities to improve
the status of urban sanitation.
- Swachh
Survekshans are conducted under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban).
- It
has promoted a spirit of healthy competition among cities and towns of India.
- The
Primary goal of Swachh Survekshans is to encourage large-scale citizen
participation and create awareness amongst all sections of society
about the importance of working together towards making towns and cities
better places to reside in.
- The
performance of each city is evaluated on six parameters:
- Municipal
solid waste, sweeping, collection and transportation.
- Municipal
solid waste, processing, and disposal of solid waste.
- Open
defecation free and toilets.
- Capacity
building and e-Learning.
- Provision
of public toilets and community toilets.
- Information,
education and communication, and behaviour change.
2. What is Palaeogenomics?
a) The
scientific study of fossils.
b) The study of ancient
hominins by extracting their DNA.
c) It refers to correlation and age determination of
rocks through use of fossils.
d) It is the production and emission of light by living
organisms.
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize for Physiology or
Medicine 2022 has been awarded to Swedish geneticist for his research in the
field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.
- Svante
Pääbo through his ground-breaking research, established an entirely new
scientific discipline called, Paleogenomics.
- Palaeogenomics -
It is the study of ancient hominins by extracting their DNA.
- It
is the science of reconstructing and analyzing the genomes of organisms
that are not alive in the present day.
- Svante
Pääbo pioneered the use of DNA to examine questions about relatedness of
ancient human species.
- He
proved that Neanderthals, a cousin of the human species that evolved
1,00,000 years before humans, interbred with people.
- Comparative
analyses with the human genome demonstrated that the most recent common
ancestor of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens lived around 8, 00,000 years
ago.
- Biostratigraphy
refers to correlation and age determination of rocks through use of
fossils.
·
Bioluminescence
is the production and emission of light by living organisms.
- Palaeontology is the
scientific study of fossils.
